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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Oscillatoriales</span></h1>
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<table cellpadding="2" class="float-right taxobox infobox" id="Vorlage_Taxobox" style="width:300px;margin-top:0.5em;" summary="Taxobox">
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<th>Oscillatoriales
</th></tr>


<tr>
<td class="taxo-bild" style="font-size:smaller;">
<p><i><a href="Lyngbya" title="Lyngbya">Lyngbya</a></i> sp.
</p>
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<tr>
<th><a href="Systematik_(Biologie)" title="Systematik (Biologie)">Systematik</a>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<table class="toptextcells" style="width:100%;">
<tbody><tr>
<td><i><a href="Dom%C3%A4ne_(Biologie)" title="Domäne (Biologie)">Domäne</a>:</i>
</td>
<td><a href="Bakterien" title="Bakterien">Bakterien</a> (Bacteria)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
</td>
<td>Terrabacteria
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
</td>
<td>1=<span style="white-space:nowrap">Cyanobacteria/Melainabacteria</span>-Gruppe<sup id="cite_ref-NCBI_CMG_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCBI_CMG-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="Stamm_(Biologie)" title="Stamm (Biologie)">Stamm</a>:</i>
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<td><a href="Cyanobakterien" title="Cyanobakterien">Cyanobakterien</a> <a href="Sensu_lato" class="mw-redirect" title="Sensu lato"><i>s.&nbsp;l.</i></a> (Cyanobacteriota)
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<td><i><a href="Klasse_(Biologie)" title="Klasse (Biologie)">Klasse</a>:</i>
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<td><a href="Cyanobakterien" title="Cyanobakterien">Cyanobakterien</a> <a href="Sensu_stricto" class="mw-redirect" title="Sensu stricto"><i>s.&nbsp;s.</i></a> (Cyanophyceae)
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><i><a href="Ordnung_(Biologie)" title="Ordnung (Biologie)">Ordnung</a>:</i>
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<td>Oscillatoriales
</td></tr>

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<tr>
<th><a href="Nomenklatur_(Biologie)" title="Nomenklatur (Biologie)">Wissenschaftlicher Name</a>
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<td class="taxo-name">Oscillatoriales
</td></tr>
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<td class="Person">Schaffner 1922
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<p>Die <b>Oscillatoriales</b> sind eine <a href="Ordnung_(Biologie)" title="Ordnung (Biologie)">Ordnung</a> der <a href="Cyanobakterien" title="Cyanobakterien">Cyanobakterien</a> (Blau­grün­bakterien, veraltet auch „Blaualgen“ genannt).
</p><p>Zu den Oscillatoriales gehören zahlreiche <a href="Gattung_(Biologie)" title="Gattung (Biologie)">Gattungen</a>, beispielsweise <i><a href="Oscillatoria" title="Oscillatoria">Oscillatoria</a></i>, <i><a href="Microcoleus_(Cyanobakterien)" title="Microcoleus (Cyanobakterien)">Microcoleus</a></i>, <i><a href="Lyngbya" title="Lyngbya">Lyngbya</a></i>, <i><a href="Phormidium" title="Phormidium">Phormidium</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Taxonomicon_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taxonomicon-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NCBI_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCBI-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> und <i><a href="Trichodesmium" title="Trichodesmium">Trichodesmium</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Litvaitis2002_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Litvaitis2002-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
Die Typusgattung ist <i><a href="Oscillatoria" title="Oscillatoria">Oscillatoria</a></i> <small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r261921330">
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</style><span class="Person h-card">Vaucher</span> ex <span class="Person h-card">Gomont</span> 1892</small>.<sup id="cite_ref-LPSN_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LPSN-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CavalierSmith2002_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CavalierSmith2002-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
Es sind insgesamt ca. 68 Gattungen und zwischen 100 und 1000 <a href="Art_(Biologie)" title="Art (Biologie)">Arten</a> (Spezies) dieser Ordnung bekannt, von denen die meisten im <a href="S%C3%BC%C3%9Fwasser" title="Süßwasser">Süßwasser</a> leben.
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beschreibung">Beschreibung</h2></div>
<p>Die Oscillatoriales bilden einfache blaugrüne unverzweigte oder schein-verzweigte (pseudoramifizierte) <a href="Trichom" title="Trichom">Trichome</a>, d.&nbsp;h. fadenförmige <a href="Kolonie_(Biologie)" title="Kolonie (Biologie)">Kolonien</a> mit kurzen, zylindrischen Zellen. Die Trichome können sich (vorübergehend) in Clustern gruppieren. Sie dif­feren­zieren sich nicht in <a href="Heterozyste" class="mw-redirect" title="Heterozyste">Heterozysten</a> und Dauerzellen (sog. <a href="Akineten" class="mw-redirect" title="Akineten">Akineten</a><sup id="cite_ref-SDW-Akineten_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SDW-Akineten-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) wie andere Cyanobakterien.<sup id="cite_ref-Broady1991_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Broady1991-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kalina2005_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kalina2005-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
Die Zellen sind in der Regel kürzer als breit,<sup id="cite_ref-CavalierSmith2002_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CavalierSmith2002-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was den Fäden ein <a href="Geldrolle" class="mw-redirect" title="Geldrolle">geldrollenartiges</a> Aussehen verleiht.
Sie sind manchmal von einer (nicht permanenten) Art Scheide (<span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal"><a href="Polnische_Sprache" title="Polnische Sprache">polnisch</a></span> <span lang="pl-Latn" style="font-style:italic">pochwą</span>) bedeckt, oft aber unbedeckt.
</p><p>Die Zellen der Vertreter dieser Ordnung zeigen manchmal eine ruckartig gleitende oder kriechende (<span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal"><a href="Tschechische_Sprache" title="Tschechische Sprache">tschechisch</a></span> <span lang="cs-Latn" style="font-style:italic">drkavý či plíživý</span>) Art von Bewegung.<sup id="cite_ref-Kalina2005_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kalina2005-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Die Einzelzellen vermehren sich durch <a href="Zellteilung" title="Zellteilung">Teilung</a>.
Die Fortpflanzung erfolgt durch Zerfall der Fäden in Hormogonien (wenigzellige, zur Kriechbewegung befähigte Fadenfragmente). Am Ende der Fäden, auf der letzten Zelle, befindet sich gewöhnlich eine Art Kappe (<span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal"><a href="Tschechische_Sprache" title="Tschechische Sprache">tschechisch</a></span> <span lang="cs-Latn" style="font-style:italic">čepička</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Kalina2005_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kalina2005-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Habitat">Habitat</h2></div>
<p>Viele Vertreter der Oscillatoriales leben als „Fadenalgen“ im <a href="Plankton" title="Plankton">Plankton</a> und <a href="Benthos" title="Benthos">Benthos</a> (in der Bodenzone eines Gewässers oder des Meeres), wo sie oft eine dominante Stel­lung einnehmen (vor allem die Gattungen <i><a href="Oscillatoria" title="Oscillatoria">Oscillatoria</a></i> und <i><a href="Lyngbya" title="Lyngbya">Lyngbya</a></i>, ähnlich wie die – vermutlich nicht zugehörige Gattung – <i>Pseudanabaena</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>A. 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>).
Sie können zu (cyano­bak­teriellen) <a href="Algenbl%C3%BCte" title="Algenblüte">Algenblüten</a> führen; von ihnen gebildeten Cyano­bakterien­<a href="Toxine" class="mw-redirect" title="Toxine">toxine</a> verursachen insbesondere die Hautreizungen.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anwendungen">Anwendungen</h2></div>
<p>Einige Arten der Oscillatoriales (z.&nbsp;B. <i>Arthrospira platensis</i>) werden als „<a href="Spirulina" title="Spirulina">Spirulina</a>“<sup id="cite_ref-Spirulina_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spirulina-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>A. 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in der Lebensmittel- und Kosmetikindustrie verwendet.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Systematik">Systematik</h2></div>
<p>Molekulare Studien zeigten ab 2002, dass sowohl die Oscillatoriales als auch die meisten der damals zu ihnen gehörenden Gattungen keine <a href="Monophyletisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Monophyletisch">monophyletischen</a> <a href="Taxon" title="Taxon">Taxa</a> waren (eine Ausnahme war die Gattung <i><a href="Trichodesmium" title="Trichodesmium">Trichodesmium</a></i>, die selbst keine Um­struk­turierung zu benötigen schien, im Gegensatz zur Gattung <i><a href="Oscillatoria" title="Oscillatoria">Oscillatoria</a></i>, deren Ver­treter verschiedenen <a href="Klade" title="Klade">Kladen</a> angehörten).<sup id="cite_ref-Litvaitis2002_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Litvaitis2002-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Komárek2014_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Komárek2014-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Systematik nach der <span lang="en"><a href="List_of_Prokaryotic_names_with_Standing_in_Nomenclature" title="List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature">List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature</a></span> (LPSN) – Familien mit einer Auswahl von Gattungen (Stand 17. Oktober 2023):<sup id="cite_ref-LPSN_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LPSN-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Ordnung <b>Oscillatoriales</b> <small><span class="Person h-card">Schaffner</span> 1922</small><sup id="cite_ref-Schaffner1922_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schaffner1922-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AlgaeBase_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AlgaeBase-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Strunecký2023_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strunecký2023-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dd>Im Zusammenhang mit den Umstrukturierungen wurden mehrere Neudefinitionen der Ordnung versucht:
<ul><li>Oscillatoriales <small><span class="Person h-card">Elenkin</span> 1934</small><sup id="cite_ref-NCBI_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCBI-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Taxonomicon_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taxonomicon-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>Oscillatoriales <small><span class="Person h-card"><a href="Thomas_Cavalier-Smith" title="Thomas Cavalier-Smith">Cavalier-Smith</a></span>, 2002</small><sup id="cite_ref-WoRMS_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WoRMS-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Taxonomicon_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taxonomicon-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></dd></dl>
<ul><li>Familie Borziaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Borzì</span> 1914</small>
<ul><li>Gattung <i>Borzia</i></li></ul></li>
<li>Familie Cyanothecaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Komárek</span> <i>et&nbsp;al.</i> 2014</small> mit der <a href="Hochmoor-Blaualge" title="Hochmoor-Blaualge">Hochmoor-Blaualge</a>
<ul><li>Gattung <i><a href="Cyanothece" title="Cyanothece">Cyanothece</a></i></li></ul></li>
<li>Familie [Garwoodiaceae] <small>(provisorischer Eintrag)</small>
<ul><li>Gattung <i>Botomaella</i></li>
<li>Gattung <i>Ortonellopsis</i></li></ul></li>
<li>Familie Homoeotrichaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Elenkin</span> 1949</small>
<ul><li>Gattung <i>Homoeothrix</i></li></ul></li>
<li>Familie Laspinemataceae <small>corrig. <span class="Person h-card">Zimba</span> <i>et&nbsp;al.</i> 2021</small> mit Schreibvariante Laspinemaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Zimba</span> <i>et&nbsp;al.</i> 2021</small>
<ul><li>Gattung <i>Laspinema</i></li></ul></li>
<li>Familie Microcoleaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Komárek</span> <i>et&nbsp;al.</i> 2014</small>
<ul><li>Gattung <i>Arthrospira</i> mit <a href="Spirulina" title="Spirulina">Spirulina</a><sup id="cite_ref-Spirulina_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spirulina-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>A. 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>Gattung <i><a href="Microcoleus_(Cyanobakterien)" title="Microcoleus (Cyanobakterien)">Microcoleus</a></i></li>
<li>Gattung <i><a href="Oxynema" title="Oxynema">Oxynema</a></i> mit <i><a href="Oxynema_thaianum" title="Oxynema thaianum">O. thaianum</a></i></li>
<li>Gattung <i><a href="Plectonema" title="Plectonema">Plectonema</a></i></li>
<li>Gattung <i>Symploca</i></li>
<li>Gattung <i><a href="Trichodesmium" title="Trichodesmium">Trichodesmium</a></i></li>
<li>Gattung <i>Tychonema</i></li></ul></li>
<li><b>Familie Oscillatoriaceae</b> <small><span class="Person h-card">Engler</span> 1898</small>
<ul><li>Gattung <i>Blennothrix</i></li>
<li>Gattung <i><a href="Lyngbya" title="Lyngbya">Lyngbya</a></i></li>
<li>Gattung „<i>Moorea</i>“</li>
<li>Gattung <i><b><a href="Oscillatoria" title="Oscillatoria">Oscillatoria</a></b></i></li></ul></li>
<li>Familie Phormidiaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Anagnostidis &amp; Komárek</span> 19888</small>
<ul><li>Gattung <i><a href="Phormidium" title="Phormidium">Phormidium</a></i></li>
<li>Gattung <i><a href="Planktothrix" title="Planktothrix">Planktothrix</a></i> mit der <a href="Burgunderblutalge" title="Burgunderblutalge">Burgunderblutalge</a> und der <a href="B%C3%BCndel-Schwingalge" title="Bündel-Schwingalge">Bündel-Schwingalge</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Familie Sirenicapillariaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Berthold</span> <i>et&nbsp;al.</i> 2022</small>
<ul><li>Gattung <i>Sirenicapillaria</i></li></ul></li>
<li>Familie Vermifilaceae <small><span class="Person h-card">Berthold</span> <i>et&nbsp;al.</i> 2020</small>
<ul><li>Gattung <i>Vermifilum</i></li></ul></li>
<li>keiner Familie zugeordnete Oscillatoriales
<ul><li>Gattung <i>Atractella</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">Printz</span> 1921</small></li>
<li>Gattung „<i>Chthonoblastus</i>“ <small><span class="Person h-card">Kützing</span> 1843</small></li>
<li>Gattung <i>Hillbrichtia</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">Jasser</span> <i>et&nbsp;al.</i> 2022</small></li>
<li>Gattung „<i>Marsacia</i>“ <small><span class="Person h-card">Brown</span> <i>et&nbsp;al.</i> 2010</small></li>
<li>Gattung <i>Olisthonema</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">Panou &amp; Gkelis</span> 2022</small></li>
<li>Gattung „<i>Pseudoscillatoria</i>“ <small><span class="Person h-card">Rasoulouniriana</span> <i>et&nbsp;al.</i> 2009</small></li></ul></li></ul>
<p>Verschiebungen nach der LPSN:<sup id="cite_ref-LPSN_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LPSN-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<ul><li>Coleofasciculaceae → Coleofasciculales <small><span class="Person h-card">Strunecký &amp; Mareš</span> 2023</small></li>
<li>Gomontiellaceae → Gomontiellales <small><span class="Person h-card">Strunecký &amp; Mareš</span> 2023</small></li>
<li>Leptolyngbyaceae → Leptolyngbyales <small><span class="Person h-card">Strunecký &amp; Mareš</span> 2023</small></li>
<li><a href="Pseudanabaenaceae" title="Pseudanabaenaceae">Pseudanabaenaceae</a> → „Synechococcales“ <small><span class="Person h-card">Hoffmann</span> <i>et&nbsp;al.</i> 2005</small></li>
<li>Schizotrichaceae → „Synechococcales“ <small><span class="Person h-card">Hoffmann</span> <i>et&nbsp;al.</i> 2005</small></li>
<li>Spirulinaceae → Spirulinales <small><span class="Person h-card">Komárek</span> <i>et&nbsp;al.</i> 2014</small></li></ul>
<p>Abweichende Taxonomie nach der <span lang="en"><a href="Genome_Taxonomy_Database" title="Genome Taxonomy Database">Genome Taxonomy Database</a></span> (GTDB):
</p><p>Die GTDB bündelt die Familien verschiedener LPSN-Ordnungen (darunter die Oscillatoriales, die Coleofasciculales, die Spirulinales, die <a href="Nostocales" title="Nostocales">Nostocales</a> und die Chroococcales) in einer gemeinsamen Familie Cyanobacterialaes (LPSN: syn. Chroococcales). Diese umfasst u.&nbsp;a. folgende Familien:
</p>
<div style="column-width:12em">
<ul><li>Chamaesiphonaceae</li>
<li>Coleofasciculaceae</li>
<li>Cyanobactericeae</li>
<li>Desertifilaceae</li>
<li>Geitlerinemaceae</li>
<li>Gloeocapsaceae</li>
<li>Gomphosphaeriaceae</li>
<li>Microcoleaceae</li>
<li>Microcystaceae</li>
<li>Nostocaceae</li>
<li>Oscillatoriaceae</li>
<li>Phormidiaceae_A</li>
<li>Rubidibacteraceae</li>
<li>Spirulinaceae</li>
<li>Xenococcaceae</li></ul>
</div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bildergalerie">Bildergalerie</h2></div>
<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 191.33333333333px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 189.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><i>Arthrospira platensis</i></div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 158px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 156px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Kolonie_(Biologie)" title="Kolonie (Biologie)">Kolonie</a> von <i><a href="Lyngbya" title="Lyngbya">Lyngbya majuscula</a></i></div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Kolonie von <i>Blennothrix majus</i></div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 158.66666666667px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 156.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Kolonie von <i>Symploca</i> cf. <i>hydnoides</i></div>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anmerkungen">Anmerkungen</h2></div>
<ol class="references" data-mw-group="A.">
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Die Gattung <i>Pseudanabaena</i> wird mit ihrer <a href="Familie_(Biologie)" title="Familie (Biologie)">Familie</a> <a href="Pseudanabaenaceae" title="Pseudanabaenaceae">Pseudanabaenaceae</a> nach der <a href="LPSN" class="mw-redirect" title="LPSN">LPSN</a> heute in die Ordnung „Synechococcales“ <small><span class="Person h-card">Hoffmann</span> <i>et&nbsp;al.</i> 2005</small> gestellt,<sup id="cite_ref-LPSN_Pseudanabaenaceae_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LPSN_Pseudanabaenaceae-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> die Taxonomie des <a href="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a> stellt sie in eine eigene Ordnung Pseudanabaenales <small><span class="Person h-card">L. Hoffmann, J. Komárek &amp; J. Kastovsky</span>, 2005, nom. nud.</small><sup id="cite_ref-NCBI_Pseudanabaenales_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCBI_Pseudanabaenales-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Spirulina-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Spirulina_15-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Spirulina_15-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Die in der Lebensmittelindustrie als „<a href="Spirulina" title="Spirulina">Spirulina</a>“ bezeichneten Cyanobakterien gehören der Gattung <i>Arthrospira</i> an und sind zu unterscheiden von der Cyanobakterien-Gattung mit dem wissenschaftlichen Namen <i>Spirulina</i><sup id="cite_ref-NCBI_Spirulina_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCBI_Spirulina-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>
</li>
</ol>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li>Jana Říhová Ambrožová: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vydavatelstvi.vscht.cz/knihy/uid_es-006/ebook.html?p=O010">Oscillatoriales</a> Zařazení vybraných rodů sinic řádu Oscillatoriales – Klassifizierung ausgewählter Gattungen von Cyanobakterien der Ordnung Oscillatoriales (<a href="Tschechische_Sprache" title="Tschechische Sprache">tschechisch</a>). Mit Zeichnungen und Fotos zu diesen Gattungen.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-NCBI_CMG-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NCBI_CMG_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<a href="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=1798711&amp;lvl=3&amp;p=has_linkout&amp;p=blast_url&amp;p=genome_blast&amp;srchmode=1">Cyanobacteria/Melainabacteria group</a> (clade); graphisch: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lifemap-ncbi.univ-lyon1.fr/?tid=1798711">Cyanobacteria/Melainabacteria group</a>, auf: <i>Lifemap</i>, NCBI Version.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Faluweki2022-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Faluweki2022_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
Mixon K. Faluweki, LucasGoehring: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Structural mechanics of filamentous cyanobacteria</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Journal of the Royal Society Interface</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>19</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>192</span>. The Royal Society, 2022, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221742-5662%22&amp;key=cql">1742-5662</a></span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2022.0268">10.1098/rsif.2022.0268</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35892203?dopt=Abstract">PMID 35892203</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9326267/">PMC&nbsp;9326267</a> (freier Volltext) – (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Oscillatoriales&amp;rft.atitle=Structural+mechanics+of+filamentous+cyanobacteria&amp;rft.au=Mixon+K.+Faluweki%2C+LucasGoehring&amp;rft.date=2022&amp;rft.doi=10.1098%2Frsif.2022.0268&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issn=1742-5662&amp;rft.issue=192&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Society+Interface&amp;rft.pmc=9326267&amp;rft.pmid=35892203&amp;rft.pub=The+Royal+Society&amp;rft.volume=19" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Taxonomicon-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Taxonomicon_3-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Taxonomicon_3-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Taxonomicon_3-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">
<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taxonomy.nl/TaxonList.aspx?subject=Entity&amp;by=ScientificName&amp;search=Oscillatoriales">Scientific name: Oscillatoriales</a>. Auf: The Taxonomicon (taxonomy.nl). Details:
<ul><li>Oscillatoriales (Order) Cavalier-Smith 2002 nom. rej.</li>
<li>Oscillatoriales (Order) Elenkin (1934)</li></ul>
</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-NCBI-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NCBI_4-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NCBI_4-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">
<a href="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a> Taxonomy Browser: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&amp;id=1150&amp;lvl=2&amp;p=has_linkout&amp;p=blast_url&amp;p=genome_blast&amp;keep=1&amp;srchmode=1&amp;unlock">Oscillatoriales</a>, Details: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&amp;id=1150&amp;srchmode=1">Oscillatoriales Elenkin 1934</a> (cyanobacteria, order).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Litvaitis2002-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Litvaitis2002_5-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Litvaitis2002_5-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">
Marian(ne) K. Litvaitis: <i>A molecular test of cyanobacterial phylogeny: inferences from constraint analyses.</i> In: <i>Hydrobiologia.</i> Band 468, Januar 2002, S.&nbsp;135–145. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015262621848" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1023/A:1015262621848">doi:10.1023/A:1015262621848</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226383261">ResearchGate</a> (<a href="Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">englisch</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-LPSN-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-LPSN_6-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-LPSN_6-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-LPSN_6-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">
<a href="LPSN" class="mw-redirect" title="LPSN">LPSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lpsn.dsmz.de/order/oscillatoriales">Order <i>Oscillatoriales</i> Schaffner 1922</a> (correct name). Synonym: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lpsn.dsmz.de/order/oscillatoriales-1">Order <i>Oscillatoriales</i> Cavalier-Smith 2002</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-CavalierSmith2002-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CavalierSmith2002_7-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CavalierSmith2002_7-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">
<a href="Thomas_Cavalier-Smith" title="Thomas Cavalier-Smith">Thomas Cavalier-Smith</a>: <i>The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification.</i> In: <i>International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.</i> Band 52, Nr&nbsp;1, 1. Januar 2002, S.&nbsp;7–76, <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221466-5026%22&amp;key=cql">1466-5026</a></span></span>; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-52-1-7" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1099/00207713-52-1-7">doi:10.1099/00207713-52-1-7</a>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11837318?dopt=Abstract">PMID 11837318</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11524216">ResearchGate</a> (<a href="Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">englisch</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-SDW-Akineten-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-SDW-Akineten_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/biologie/akineten/1707">Akineten</a>. Lexikon der Biologie, auf: <a href="Spektrum.de" title="Spektrum.de">spektrum.de</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Broady1991-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Broady1991_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
Paul A. Broady, Andrew L. Kibblewhite: <i>Morphological characterization of Oscillatoriales (Cyanobacteria) from Ross Island and southern Victoria Land, Antarctica.</i> In: <i><a href="Antarctic_Science" title="Antarctic Science">Antarctic Science</a>.</i> Band 3, Nr.&nbsp;1, März 1991, S.&nbsp;35–45; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S095410209100007X" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1017/S095410209100007X">doi:10.1017/S095410209100007X</a>, Epub: 13. Mai 2004 (<a href="Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">englisch</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Kalina2005-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kalina2005_10-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kalina2005_10-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kalina2005_10-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">
Tomáš Kalina, Jiří Váňa: <i>Sinice, řasy, houby, mechorosty a podobné organismy v současné biologii</i> (<i>Cyanobakterien, Algen, Pilze, Bryophyten und ähnliche Organismen in der modernen Biologie</i>). Karls-Universität; Karolinum, Prag 2005, ISBN 80-246-1036-1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/40357743">ResearchGate</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://knihy.heureka.cz/sinice-rasy-houby-mechorosty-a-podobne-organismy-v-soucasne-biologii-jiri-vana/#specifikace/">heureka!</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://karolinum.cz/knihy/kalina-sinice-rasy-houby-mechorosty-a-podobne-organismy-v-soucasne-biologii-1208">Karolinum</a> (<a href="Tschechische_Sprache" title="Tschechische Sprache">tschechisch</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-LPSN_Pseudanabaenaceae-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-LPSN_Pseudanabaenaceae_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<a href="LPSN" class="mw-redirect" title="LPSN">LPSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lpsn.dsmz.de/family/pseudanabaenaceae">Family Pseudanabaenaceae Anagnostidis and Komárek 1988</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-NCBI_Pseudanabaenales-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NCBI_Pseudanabaenales_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<a href="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a> Taxonomy Browser: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&amp;id=2881377&amp;lvl=2&amp;lin=f&amp;keep=1&amp;srchmode=3&amp;unlock">Pseudanabaenales</a>, Details: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&amp;id=2881377&amp;srchmode=3">Pseudanabaenales L.Hoffmann, J.Komárek &amp; J.Kastovsky, 2005, nom. nud. …</a> (order).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-NCBI_Spirulina-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NCBI_Spirulina_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<a href="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a> Taxonomy Browser: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&amp;id=1154&amp;lvl=3&amp;srchmode=3&amp;keep=1&amp;unlock">Spirulina</a>, Details: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&amp;id=1154srchmode=3"><i>Spirulina</i></a> Turpin ex Gomont, 1892/1893 (dort zitiert nach CyanoDB bzw. <a href="Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>) – (genus).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Komárek2014-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Komárek2014_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
Jiri Komárek, Jan Kaštovský, Jan Mareš, Jeffrey R. Johansen: <i>Taxonomic classification of cyanoprokaryotes (cyanobacterial genera) 2014, using a polyphasic approach.</i> In: <i>Preslia.</i> Band 86, Nr.&nbsp;4, Dezember 2014, S. 295–335. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269094990">ResearchGate</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Taxonomic-classification-of-cyanoprokaryotes-2014%2C-Kom%C3%A1rek-Ka%C5%A1tovsk%C3%BD/847a4d74565783baf38713fc151ca42124942b45">SemanticScholar</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.preslia.cz/P144Komarek.pdf">PDF</a> (<a href="Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">englisch</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Schaffner1922-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Schaffner1922_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
John H. Schaffner: <i>The classification of plants XII.</i> In: <i>Ohio Journal of Science.</i> Band 22, Nr.&nbsp;5, März 1922, S.&nbsp;129–139, <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220030-0950%22&amp;key=cql">0030-0950</a></span></span>; <a href="Handle_System" title="Handle System">hdl</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1811%2F2166">1811/2166</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kb.osu.edu/bitstream/handle/1811/2166/V22N05_129.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y">PDF</a> (<a href="Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">englisch</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-AlgaeBase-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-AlgaeBase_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<a href="AlgaeBase" title="AlgaeBase">AlgaeBase</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.algaebase.org/browse/taxonomy/#4538">Oscillatoriales Schaffner</a>, Details: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.algaebase.org/browse/taxonomy/detail/?taxonid=4538">Order <i>Oscillatoriales</i> Schaffner 1922</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Strunecký2023-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Strunecký2023_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
Otakar Strunecký, Anna Pavlovna Ivanova, Jan Mareš: <i>An updated classification of cyanobacterial orders and families based on phylogenomic and polyphasic analysis (Review).</i> In: <i>Journal of Phycology.</i> Band 59, Nr.&nbsp;1, Februar 2023, S.&nbsp;12–51; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jpy.13304" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1111/jpy.13304">doi:10.1111/jpy.13304</a>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36443823?dopt=Abstract">PMID 36443823</a>, Epub 28. November 2022 (<a href="Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">englisch</a>). Dazu: Erratum <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jpy.13355" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1111/jpy.13355">doi:10.1111/jpy.13355</a>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37313842?dopt=Abstract">PMID 37313842</a> (engl.).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-WoRMS-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-WoRMS_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<a href="WoRMS" class="mw-redirect" title="WoRMS">WoRMS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=146603">Oscillatoriales</a> <a href="Thomas_Cavalier-Smith" title="Thomas Cavalier-Smith">Cavalier-Smith</a>, 2002 (order). Kontrollkästchen ‚marine only‘ und ggf. ‚extant only‘ bitte auf ‚off‘.</span>
</li>
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